(¯`·._)Mrs. Cárdenas(¯`·._)

2002 Latino Book Award winner as "Best Arts Book"

This is the first full-length exploration of the contemporary Mexican corrido, blended with a travel narrative and digressions on Mexican and Mexican immigrant culture. The corrido is one of the most popular music styles in the Latino market, both in the US and points south. While the Anglo media pretends that the boom in Latin music sales is driven by salsa (a style that is wonderful, but currently not very popular in the Latino community), most US Latin sales are of Mexican music, and a large proportion of these are drug trafficking ballads, played in polka or waltz rhythms by accordion combos or full brass bands. Many of these ballads are in the classic Medieval style, and they are an anachronistic link between the earliest European poetic traditions and the world of crack cocaine and gangsta rap.

Narcocorrido is a series of visits with corridistas, from the most popular narco writers to rural singers documenting current events in their communities. It was researched over roughly a year, traveling all over Mexico and the southwestern US, largely by hitchhiking. I went up into the drug trafficking regions, searched out the foremost composers in their homes, and listened to every cassette the truck drivers threw on their tape decks. This book should be available from all better bookstores, but if your local store can't get it for you, you can buy it online by clicking this link for the hardcover, or here for the paperback

"Through the stories of the corrido-crafters themselves, Wald uncovers a world desperate for heroes. At once tragic and hopeful, the result of his journey holds a mirror up to life on both sides of the border."
--Louie Perez, of Los Lobos

"Narcocorrido is more than an exposé of a musical genre and a contemporary problem, it is a journey into the complex nuances of Mexican social and cultural history. Wald's book is a most significant contribution to the bibliography on travel literature by foreign observers to Mexico since colonial times. It will be of interest to a wide range of specialists in diverse fields, as well as to the casual reader who will enjoy the pleasure of a rich narrative of adventure and detective work."
--Guillermo E. Hernández, Ph.D., Director of the UCLA-Chicano Studies Research Center

Further quotations

There was a companion CD for the book issued by Fonovisa, with tracks by Los Tigres del Norte, Chalino Sánchez, Luis y Julián, Grupo Exterminador, Jenni Rivera, Pedro Rivera, Los Hermanos Jiménez, El Canelo y los Dos del Sitio, and Los Pajaritos del Sur. Unfortunately, it went out of print when Fonovisa merged with Univision, but copies may still turn up, andlyrics to all but one of the songs are on my corrido cd lyrics page.

Section One: Corrido Renaissance explores the rise of the narcocorrido in the early 1970s, with the groundbreaking hits of Los Tigres del Norte, the dominant band in the field for the last 30 years. Los Tigres are kind of a Mexican equivalent of the Rolling Stones and Willie Nelson combined, the biggest "roots music" stars on the scene. Their albums sell in the millions, and their concerts can draw upwards of 100,000 screaming fans.

1. The Father of Camelia: Angel González is a visit with the composer of "Contrabando y Traición," the saga of a marijuana smuggler known as "Camelia la Tejana," which started the narcocorrido boom.

2. El Maestro: Paulino Vargas (pictured right) introduces the most influential writer in the narcocorrido world, an earthy poet who has been documenting the Mexican underworld for over thirty years. Paulino is also a wonderfully entertaining character, and was accordionist for one of the defining norteño groups, Los Broncos de Reynosa. (for hi-res copy of photo, click here)

3. Sinaloan Legends: Narcoculture, Violence and Jesús Malverde explores the Sinaloan milieu, with a not to the narco-intellectuals and artists of Culiacán, and a visit to the chapel of Jesús Malverde, patron saint of the drug traffic.

4. El Valiente: Chalino Sánchez (pictured left) traces the life and legend of the toughest corridista of them all, who has become the dominant influence on the young West Coast singers. Chalino was a supreme badass, who shot to international fame after a show in Southern California during which a guy tried to assasinate him and he returned fire from the stage. Shortly thereafter, he was gunned down in Sinaloa, but his immitators are still heard from Mazatlán to Los Angeles. This chapter includes a visit to Pepe Cabrera, a Sinaloan corridista who has been one of the great behind-the-scenes influences in the field.

5. Chalinitos: El As de la Sierra (pictured right) explores the "Chalinito" craze, and meets with El As de la Sierra, the most successful of the Sinaloan-based narco stars, along with his bodyguards.

6. Badiraguato is a brief trip up into the heart of the drug region, to visit Antonio Uriarte, a local songwriter and record producer. (His most famous group, El Canelo de Sinaloa y Los Dos del Sitio, features two acoustic guitars and tuba.)

7. New Generation: Mario Quintero y los Tucanes de Tijuana is a visit with the most popular young band on the scene, the group that upped the ante for drug songs by singing not only about brave traffickers, but also about cocaine parties. Mario defends his paeans to famous drug lords, and explains the populist roots of the trend.

8. The Clown Prince: Francisco Quintero visits "El Vampiro," composer of comic narco songs like "Las Monjitas." ("The Little Nuns," about a pair of women traffickers who disguise themselves as nuns and their cocaine as powdered milk for an orphanage in Phoenix.)

9. Gangsta Corrido Dynasty: The Rivera Family The first family of Los Angeles, the Riveras have ruled the local corrido scene ever since patriarch Pedro Rivera signed Chalino to his Cintas Acuario record label. Now, Pedro writes topical corridos about subjects like the Rodney King riots and the Gulf War, while his kids, Lupillo, Jenni and Juan, lead the "gangsta" wing of the corrido trend, cutting the heaviest drug songs in the corrido world for an audience of Chicanos who grew up on rap and hip-hop.

10. Cage of Gold: Enrique Franco travels to Tijuana to meet the man who brought a conscience to the modern corrido world, writing hits for Los Tigres that explored the immigrant experience, pan-Latino unity, and human rights issues.

11. The Political Circus: Jesse Armenta moves to Phoenix and the composer of Los Tigres? hardest-hitting new political songs, including "El Circo," a satiric ballad of the Salinas presidency which became one of the group?s biggest hits.

Section Four: Norteño Heartland travels to the Texas border region, where most experts believe that the corrido was born.

12. Trucker to Troubadour: Julián Garza is a visit with one of the most entertaining, rowdy, and funny men in the corrido world, and also one of the biggest hitmakers and most traditionally-oriented composers, the writer and lead voice of the duo Luis y Julián.

12b. A web special--this chapter was deleted from the published book, but a version can be read online by clicking here. Titled Reynaldo Martinez and the Balladeers of the Border, it includes interviews with three corridistas from Reynosa: Martinez, Beto Quintanilla, and Juan Villareal. You can read a copy here.

13. Faded Glories: Texas and the Valley explores the question of why the corrido seems to be dying out in the region where it once ruled supreme.

Section Five: Mexico City and Points South is a round-up of what is happening on the fringes of the pop corrido scene, ending with a visit to the most successful composer of all.

14. The Zapatista Minstrel: Andrés Contreras (pictured left) is a rowdy, obscene, and intensely political singer, who travels throughout Mexico singing his revolutionary songs in city plazas, and getting thrown in jail for his trouble. This chapter looks at the topical corrido tradition since the 1960s, with a nod to the nueva canción artists of the urban intelligentsia.

15. Corridos of the Country Buses: Gabriel Villanueva (pictured right) is a visit with an old-fashioned singer who presents his ballads of current events on the buses outside Acapulco, and has sold thousands of cassettes featuring his ballads of Hurricane Pauline and the massacre in Aguas Blancas. (For a hi-res copy of this photo, click here)

16. Guerrilla Corridos: The Mountains of Atoyac roams the region around Atoyac, the stomping grounds of Mexican guerrilla bands ever since the 1970s. Here, amateur singers perform their ballads of government massacres and guerrilla confrontations for small, sometimes clandestine gatherings of local villagers.

17. Norcocorridos Move South: Apatzingán checks out the scene in the drug area of Michoacán, visiting Los Hermanos Jimenez, "the Kings of Harp Music" (pictured right) Chema, a disco bandleader turned corrido composer, and Rafael Alvarez Sánchez, songwriter, corrido hero, and father of some 200 children. (There is also a digression to take in the local Passion Play.)

18. El Jefe de Jefes: Teodoro Bello winds the book up with a visit to Mexico?s top-selling composer, author of "Pacas de a Kilo" (One-Kilo Packages) and hundreds of hits for Los Tigres and just about everybody else in "Mexican regional" music.

San Francisco Chronicle

The Houston Press

Orange County Weekly

High Times magazine

San Antonio Express News

Austin Chronicle

New Times LA (a long interview/feature)

Houston Chronicle

La Prensa de San Diego

Radio interviews about "Narcocorrido":

NPR's Morning Edition

PRI's Marketplace

The Connection (One-hour call-in show, with music)

For historical background: Jaime Nicolopulos?s page at the University of Texas

For historical recordings from the 1920s on, and rootsy Texas albums, Arhoolie Records

For the most complete Chalino site on the internet, with the lyrics to all his corridos, check out elcompachalino.com

For more on Sinaloan music, check outAndrés Elenes?s home page

For streaming audio from LA?s main corrido radio station, KBUE, La Que Buena

For LA?s main "gangsta corrido" label, Cintas Acuario

I highly recommend Sam Quiñones?s book, True Tales from Another Mexico, which has a great chapter on Chalino, and fascinating stories of Mexican life and culture.

For some added corridista profiles, you can read the missing book chapter, and Spanish-speaking researchers might also want to check out my archive of unpublished interviews with corridistas Rafael Buendia (composer, producer, filmmaker, and leader of Dueto Fronterizo), Ramiro Cavazos (member of the pioneering norteño duo Los Donneños), Jorge Hernández (leader of Los Tigres del Norte), and Nacho Hernández (songwriter and accompanist to Chalino Sánchez).